热带太平洋海平面低频变化     

陆青  左军成  吴灵君 《海洋学报》2017,39(7):43-52

本文选取ECMWF ORAS4再分析数据对1959-2015年热带太平洋海平面的低频变化进行了分析。热带太平洋海平面年际变化第一模态反映了ENSO爆发阶段的海平面变化,热带东、西太平洋变化反相,其时间序列与Niño3.4指数高度相关。海平面第二模态则体现了El Niño爆发前后热带太平洋暖水的输运过程。El Niño爆发前热带西太平洋暖水聚集的位置,以及爆发后暖水向赤道外输运的位置在两类El Niño事件中均有所不同。此外,ENSO的周期在近半个世纪发生了显著的年代际变化,这一变化与热带太平洋的年代际变化有关。热带太平洋的年代际变化对海平面趋势变化也有着显著的影响。卫星高度计观测到的近20年海平面的快速上升（下降）正是由20世纪90年代后热带太平洋频繁的位相转换引起的。  相似文献   

Distribution,genesis, and pollution risk of ammonium nitrogen in groundwater in an arid loess plain,northwestern China     

Rui Zuo  Xiaojuan Chen  Xianbo Li  Dan Shan  Jie Yang  Jinsheng Wang  Yanguo Teng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(17):629

Nitrogenous pollutants from intense human activities have become serious environmental and health problems worldwide, particularly in groundwater source areas used for public water supply. To investigate the genesis and pollution risks associated with elevated concentrations of ammonium nitrogen in a groundwater source area, investigations were undertaken in the Jinji groundwater source area, located in an arid loess plain in northwestern China where 16 groundwater samples were collected from an aquifer used for water supply. The investigation indicated that high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen originated mainly from: infiltration of water from the Yellow River; livestock; and the discharge of industrial wastes. Measured parameters including pH, the permanganate index and the oxidation reduction potential could be used as important indicators of the genesis of ammonium nitrogen. A modified DRTCLN model was applied to the observed distribution of ammonium nitrogen to assess pollution risk of regional groundwater. The model was optimized by rebuilding the index system, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the rating scale of each index. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to analyze the uncertainty of results of the risk assessment. The result showed that the risk value is relatively low in most areas of the groundwater source area. Only an industrial area in the southwestern part of the groundwater source area was classified as high risk; it should be the key factor of pollution control.  相似文献   

Coseismic Fault Slip of the September 16, 2015 <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mw</Emphasis> 8.3 Illapel,Chile Earthquake Estimated from InSAR Data     

Yingfeng?Zhang  Guohong?ZhangEmail author  Eric?A.?Hetland  Xinjian?Shan  Shaoyan?Wen  Ronghu?Zuo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(4):1029-1038

The complete surface deformation of 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel, Chile earthquake is obtained using SAR interferograms obtained for descending and ascending Sentinel-1 orbits. We find that the Illapel event is predominantly thrust, as expected for an earthquake on the interface between the Nazca and South America plates, with a slight right-lateral strike slip component. The maximum thrust-slip and right-lateral strike slip reach 8.3 and 1.5 m, respectively, both located at a depth of 8 km, northwest to the epicenter. The total estimated seismic moment is 3.28 × 10²¹ N.m, corresponding to a moment magnitude Mw 8.27. In our model, the rupture breaks all the way up to the sea-floor at the trench, which is consistent with the destructive tsunami following the earthquake. We also find the slip distribution correlates closely with previous estimates of interseismic locking distribution. We argue that positive coulomb stress changes caused by the Illapel earthquake may favor earthquakes on the extensional faults in this area. Finally, based on our inferred coseismic slip model and coulomb stress calculation, we envision that the subduction interface that last slipped in the 1922 Mw 8.4 Vallenar earthquake might be near the upper end of its seismic quiescence, and the earthquake potential in this region is urgent.  相似文献   

Identifying gravity anomalies caused by granitic intrusions in Nanling mineral district,China: a multifractal perspective          下载免费PDF全文

Qiuming Cheng  Renguang Zuo  Tianyou Liu  Yufei Xi 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(1):256-270

Several power‐law relationships of geophysical potential fields have been discussed recently with renewed interests, including field value–distance () and power spectrum–wavenumber () models. The singularity mapping technique based on the density/concentration–area (C–A) power‐law model is applied to act as a high‐pass filter for extracting gravity and magnetic anomalies regardless of the background value and to detect the edges of gravity or magnetic sources with the advantage of scale invariance. This is demonstrated on a synthetic example and a case study from the Nanling mineral district, Southern China. Compared with the analytic signal amplitude and total horizontal gradient methods, the singularity mapping technique provides more distinct and less noisy boundaries of granites than traditional methods. Additionally, it is efficient for enhancing and outlining weak anomalies caused by concealed granitic intrusions, indicating that the singularity method based on multifractal analysis is a potential tool to process gravity and magnetic data.  相似文献   

Calculation of Moho Depth by Gravity Anomalies in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Based on an Improved Iteration of Parker–Oldenburg Inversion     

Chong Zhang  Danian Huang  Guochao Wu  Guoqing Ma  Yuan Yuan  Ping Yu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(10):2657-2668

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全球变化影响下青岛海岸带地理环境的演变   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

杨鸣  夏东兴  谷东起  薛佐  丰爱平 《海洋科学进展》2005,23(3):289-296

在全球变化的影响下,近50多年来青岛海岸带地区的地理环境要素发生了许多超常的变化。其中,年平均气温1991-2002年比20世纪50年代上升了0．94℃,同期最冷月1月平均气温上升了2．18℃,≥10℃的天数由每年207．6d增至218．5d,近海年平均海水温度在20世纪60年代为13．45℃,而1991-2002年为14．20℃,上升了0．75℃。海岸沙滩侵蚀加剧,20世纪90年代以来灵山湾每年蚀退达7m;胶州湾面积由1952年的559km。缩减为2002年的382km^2;滨海漏湖湿地几乎全部消失。由于海岸带气候和水温的变暖使研究区动植物群落发生变化,如茶树从南方引中成功并形成产业,一些本来在长江三角洲地区越冬的鸟类（如大天鹅）已迁至山东半岛越冬;某些生活在温暖海洋中的海洋动物也频现青岛。  相似文献   

资源一号卫星星内粒子探测器与神舟二号X射线探测器对高能电子探测的比较分析   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

邹鸿  肖佐  邹积清  仲维英  郝永强  张东和  马宇倩  王焕玉  徐玉朋  张承模  汪锦州  唐仕奎  梁晓华  徐霁舒  吴中祥 《地球物理学报》2004,47(4):562-570

利用资源一号卫星和神舟二号留轨舱上搭载的高能粒子探测设备对2001年2～6月同一时段内的资料进行了对比分析. 神舟二号飞船X射线探测器的观测结果反映的空间高能电子的分布, 表明在400km的较低高度上, 地理纬度40°附近以及SAA地区也可以观测到数百keV的高能电子. 资源一号卫星的探测结果显示了在800km高度附近, 同一时段内若干兆电子伏特的高能电子的全球分布. 后者出现的最低地理纬度和相应的经度位置则和前者是一致的, 说明两个高度上高能粒子的分布仍然都受地磁场控制, 粒子主要来源于地球辐射带. 资源一号卫星高能粒子探测器的能挡与神舟二号飞船X射线探测器的能挡不同, 彼此可以较好地补充. 但由于神舟二号轨道倾角较低, 全面的对比也受到一定的局限, 在进一步深入分析现有资料的同时, 可以在本文基础上设计更好的联合探测方案.  相似文献   

A Research on the Gravity Deformation of Delingha 13.7m Telescope     

Ying-Xi Zuo  Yang Li  Ji-Xian Sun  Ji Yang  Jing-Jing Li  Ye Xu  Deng-Yun He  Qin-Hong Fan  Sheng-Hong Fan 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2011,35(4):439-446

Based on digital photogrammetric measurements, the antenna panels of the Delingha 13.7m radio telescope are adjusted to make the main dish have an optimal paraboloidal surface at the elevation of 52°, thus the overall antenna efficiency is optimized for different observing elevations. Observations indicate that the aperture efficiency of the telescope has been improved approximately twice in comparison with the antenna panels adjusted on the basis of theodolite measurements. According to the results of the measurements at different elevations, the models of antenna gravity deformation are built, including the displacement and tilt angle of the subreflector, as well as the focal length and surface error of the main reflector, as functions of elevation angle. In the process of modeling the gravity deformation of the main dish, instead of the direct calculation method, the least square fitting on the measured surface errors at different elevation angles is adopted, in order to reduce the effect of measurement errors on the accuracy of the model.  相似文献   

核电厂地震PSA方法研究探讨     

付陟玮  陈妍  张东辉  张春明  左嘉旭  宋维 《国际地震动态》2012,(12):24-30

首先回顾了地震概率安全评价(Seismic Probability Safety Assessment,SPSA)方法的发展历史及应用现状;然后基于SPSA的要素,研究了SPSA方法中需要解决的主要问题,重点是地震易损性分析,并根据SPSA的任务描述SPSA流程,主要探讨电厂走访和继电器评价的方法;最后结合我国概率安全评价(Probability Safety Assessment,PSA)的研究进展、SPSA的基础等实际状况,提出适合我国的SPSA实施路线的建议,以保障核电站地震情况下的安全.  相似文献   

Research on the impact assessment of urbanization on air environment with urban environmental entropy model: a case study   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Qingsong Wang  Xueliang Yuan  Chunyuan Ma  Zhen Zhang  Jian Zuo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(3):443-450

A new concept of urban environmental entropy was introduced to investigate the effect of urbanization on air environment considering the fact that rapid development of urbanization may have negative influence on the whole air environment system. The urban environmental entropies which were built based on the generalized thermodynamic entropy and the generalized statistic entropy, respectively. These two entropy models have been used to analyze the relationship between the development of urbanization and air environment. The negative entropy flow mechanism was proposed to reveal the advantages and approaches of regional cities in improving air environment system. A case study on 17 cities in Shandong Province of China showed that the values of urban environmental entropy were negative in most cities from 2001 to 2008, which implies that there is a positive correlation between the development of urbanization and air environment and that is a negative entropy development level in Shandong Province of China. In 2008, the urbanization of Qingdao city and Jinan city improved their air environments. Moreover, restraints for both cities in air environment improvement were recognized according to the analysis of negative entropy flow mechanism.  相似文献